img

官方微信

高级检索

中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 24-33.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00214

• • 上一篇    下一篇

科尔沁沙地南缘旱作农田保护性耕作对土壤风蚀的影响

刘伟春1(), 李玉霖2(), 程莉2, 方海富2   

  1. 1.库伦旗农业技术推广中心,内蒙古 库伦 028200
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26 修回日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 李玉霖
  • 作者简介:刘伟春(1975—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,高级农艺师,主要从事农业技术推广工作。E-mail: 534578327@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFXZ0038)

The impact of protective tillage on wind erosion of farmland in the Horqin Sandy Land

Weichun Liu1(), Yulin Li2(), Li Cheng2, Haifu Fang2   

  1. 1.Kulun Banner Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Kulun Banner 028200,Inner Mongolia,China
    2.Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2025-05-26 Revised:2025-07-10 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18
  • Contact: Yulin Li

摘要:

春季风蚀是干旱半干旱地区农田土壤退化的主要驱动力,严重威胁作物产能与生态安全。为明确耕作措施对春季农田风蚀的调控作用,本研究以科尔沁沙地南缘典型风蚀敏感区旱作农田为对象,基于2023—2024年两个春季连续开展田间定位观测,设置春播燕麦复种荞麦(YQ)、秋播冬黑麦复种荞麦(HQ)、玉米留茬免耕春播玉米(MY)和传统春翻地播种玉米(FY)4种耕作处理,系统评估不同措施下农田输沙率和风蚀量的时空变化特征,并结合风速、土壤湿度和降水量探讨其影响机制。结果表明:FY处理风蚀强度显著高于其他处理,两年平均风蚀总量分别为MY、YQ、HQ处理的1.57、2.11、4.22倍;各处理风蚀量随采样高度显著递减,主要在0~60 cm近地层;风速与风蚀量正相关,土壤湿度与降水量则显著负相关,且水分因子的调控效应优于风速。保护性耕作通过残茬覆盖、作物返青、持水能力提升等多路径机制协同降低风蚀强度。免耕与复种等低扰动耕作制度能有效缓解春季风蚀风险,适宜在北方风沙区推广应用,对保障土壤资源安全与推动区域农业可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 风蚀, 保护性耕作, 土壤湿度, 风速, 降水, 农田管理

Abstract:

Spring wind erosion is a major driver of farmland soil degradation in arid and semi-arid regions, posing significant threats to crop productivity and ecological stability. To elucidate the effects of different tillage practices on spring wind erosion, a two-year field experiment (2023-2024) was conducted in a typical aeolian-sensitive area of Horqin Sandy Land. Four tillage treatments were established: spring-sown oat followed by buckwheat (YQ), autumn-sown winter rye followed by buckwheat (HQ), no-tillage maize with stubble retention (MY), and conventional spring plowing and maize sowing (FY). Temporal and vertical variations in aeolian sediment flux and wind erosion amount were systematically analyzed, along with their relationships to wind speed, soil moisture, and cumulative precipitation. The results showed that FY treatment exhibited the highest erosion intensity, with total wind erosion amounts being 1.57, 2.11, and 4.22 times higher than MY, YQ, and HQ treatments, respectively. Wind erosion was mainly concentrated in the 0-60 cm surface layer and decreased significantly with height. Wind speed was positively correlated with erosion amount, while soil moisture and precipitation were negatively correlated, with moisture-related variables exerting a stronger regulatory effect. Protective tillage practices mitigated erosion through multiple pathways including stubble cover, early crop canopy development, and enhanced water retention. This study demonstrates that no-tillage and crop rotation strategies effectively reduce spring wind erosion risk and are well-suited for widespread application in northern wind-prone agricultural zones. These findings provide practical implications for soil conservation and sustainable farmland management.

Key words: wind erosion, conservation tillage, soil moisture, wind speed, precipitation, farmland management

中图分类号: